Tocilizumab and steroid treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Identifieur interne : 000116 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000115; suivant : 000117Tocilizumab and steroid treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Auteurs : Malgorzata Mikulska [Italie] ; Laura Ambra Nicolini [Italie] ; Alessio Signori [Italie] ; Antonio Di Biagio [Italie] ; Chiara Sepulcri [Italie] ; Chiara Russo [Italie] ; Silvia Dettori [Italie] ; Marco Berruti [Italie] ; Maria Pia Sormani [Italie] ; Daniele Roberto Giacobbe [Italie] ; Antonio Vena [Italie] ; Andrea De Maria [Italie] ; Chiara Dentone [Italie] ; Lucia Taramasso [Italie] ; Michele Mirabella [Italie] ; Laura Magnasco [Italie] ; Sara Mora [Italie] ; Emanuele Delfino [Italie] ; Federica Toscanini [Italie] ; Elisa Balletto [Italie] ; Anna Ida Alessandrini [Italie] ; Federico Baldi [Italie] ; Federica Briano [Italie] ; Marco Camera [Italie] ; Ferdinando Dodi [Italie] ; Antonio Ferrazin [Italie] ; Laura Labate [Italie] ; Giovanni Mazzarello [Italie] ; Rachele Pincino [Italie] ; Federica Portunato [Italie] ; Stefania Tutino [Italie] ; Emanuela Barisione [Italie] ; Bianca Bruzzone [Italie] ; Andrea Orsi [Italie] ; Eva Schenone [Italie] ; Nirmala Rosseti [Italie] ; Elisabetta Sasso [Italie] ; Giorgio Da Rin [Italie] ; Paolo Pelosi [Italie] ; Sabrina Beltramini [Italie] ; Mauro Giacomini [Italie] ; Giancarlo Icardi [Italie] ; Angelo Gratarola [Italie] ; Matteo Bassetti [Italie]Source :
- PloS one [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adulte (MeSH), Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Anti-inflammatoires (administration et posologie), Anti-inflammatoires (usage thérapeutique), Anticorps monoclonaux humanisés (administration et posologie), Anticorps monoclonaux humanisés (usage thérapeutique), Antipaludiques (administration et posologie), Antipaludiques (usage thérapeutique), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Darunavir (usage thérapeutique), Femelle (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (administration et posologie), Hydroxychloroquine (usage thérapeutique), Infections à coronavirus (traitement médicamenteux), Infections à coronavirus (virologie), Inhibiteurs de protéase du VIH (usage thérapeutique), Mâle (MeSH), Méthylprednisolone (administration et posologie), Méthylprednisolone (usage thérapeutique), Pandémies (MeSH), Pneumopathie virale (traitement médicamenteux), Pneumopathie virale (virologie), Ritonavir (usage thérapeutique), Résultat thérapeutique (MeSH), Sujet âgé (MeSH), Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus (MeSH), Études de suivi (MeSH).
- MESH :
- administration et posologie : Anti-inflammatoires, Anticorps monoclonaux humanisés, Antipaludiques, Hydroxychloroquine, Méthylprednisolone.
- traitement médicamenteux : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- usage thérapeutique : Anti-inflammatoires, Anticorps monoclonaux humanisés, Antipaludiques, Darunavir, Hydroxychloroquine, Inhibiteurs de protéase du VIH, Méthylprednisolone, Ritonavir.
- virologie : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Betacoronavirus, Femelle, Humains, Mâle, Pandémies, Résultat thérapeutique, Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Études de suivi.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Aged, 80 and over (MeSH), Anti-Inflammatory Agents (administration & dosage), Anti-Inflammatory Agents (therapeutic use), Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized (administration & dosage), Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized (therapeutic use), Antimalarials (administration & dosage), Antimalarials (therapeutic use), Betacoronavirus (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy), Coronavirus Infections (virology), Darunavir (therapeutic use), Female (MeSH), Follow-Up Studies (MeSH), HIV Protease Inhibitors (therapeutic use), Humans (MeSH), Hydroxychloroquine (administration & dosage), Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use), Male (MeSH), Methylprednisolone (administration & dosage), Methylprednisolone (therapeutic use), Middle Aged (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy), Pneumonia, Viral (virology), Ritonavir (therapeutic use), Treatment Outcome (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Antimalarials, Hydroxychloroquine, Methylprednisolone.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Antimalarials, Darunavir, HIV Protease Inhibitors, Hydroxychloroquine, Methylprednisolone, Ritonavir.
- drug therapy : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- virology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Betacoronavirus, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Treatment Outcome.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to respiratory failure due to severe immune response. Treatment targeting this immune response might be beneficial but there is limited evidence on its efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine if early treatment of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with tocilizumab and/or steroids was associated with better outcome.
METHODS
This observational single-center study included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were not intubated and received either standard of care (SOC, controls) or SOC plus early (within 3 days from hospital admission) anti-inflammatory treatment. SOC consisted of hydroxychloroquine 400mg bid plus, in those admitted before March 24th, also darunavir/ritonavir. Anti-inflammatory treatment consisted of either tocilizumab (8mg/kg intravenously or 162mg subcutaneously) or methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg for 5 days or both. Failure was defined as intubation or death, and the endpoints were failure-free survival (primary endpoint) and overall survival (secondary) at day 30. Difference between the groups was estimated as Hazard Ratio by a propensity score weighted Cox regression analysis (HROW).
RESULTS
Overall, 196 adults were included in the analyses. They were mainly male (67.4%), with comorbidities (78.1%) and severe COVID-19 pneumonia (83.7%). Median age was 67.9 years (range, 30-100) and median PaO2/FiO2 200 mmHg (IQR 133-289). Among them, 130 received early anti-inflammatory treatment with: tocilizumab (n = 29, 22.3%), methylprednisolone (n = 45, 34.6%), or both (n = 56, 43.1%). The adjusted failure-free survival among tocilizumab/methylprednisolone/SOC treated patients vs. SOC was 80.8% (95%CI, 72.8-86.7) vs. 64.1% (95%CI, 51.3-74.0), HROW 0.48, 95%CI, 0.23-0.99; p = 0.049. The overall survival among tocilizumab/methylprednisolone/SOC patients vs. SOC was 85.9% (95%CI, 80.7-92.6) vs. 71.9% (95%CI, 46-73), HROW 0.41, 95%CI: 0.19-0.89, p = 0.025.
CONCLUSION
Early adjunctive treatment with tocilizumab, methylprednisolone or both may improve outcomes in non-intubated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237831
PubMed: 32817707
PubMed Central: PMC7440633
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Tocilizumab and steroid treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.</title><author><name sortKey="Mikulska, Malgorzata" sort="Mikulska, Malgorzata" uniqKey="Mikulska M" first="Malgorzata" last="Mikulska">Malgorzata Mikulska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nicolini, Laura Ambra" sort="Nicolini, Laura Ambra" uniqKey="Nicolini L" first="Laura Ambra" last="Nicolini">Laura Ambra Nicolini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Signori, Alessio" sort="Signori, Alessio" uniqKey="Signori A" first="Alessio" last="Signori">Alessio Signori</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Section of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Section of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Biagio, Antonio" sort="Di Biagio, Antonio" uniqKey="Di Biagio A" first="Antonio" last="Di Biagio">Antonio Di Biagio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sepulcri, Chiara" sort="Sepulcri, Chiara" uniqKey="Sepulcri C" first="Chiara" last="Sepulcri">Chiara Sepulcri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Russo, Chiara" sort="Russo, Chiara" uniqKey="Russo C" first="Chiara" last="Russo">Chiara Russo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dettori, Silvia" sort="Dettori, Silvia" uniqKey="Dettori S" first="Silvia" last="Dettori">Silvia Dettori</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berruti, Marco" sort="Berruti, Marco" uniqKey="Berruti M" first="Marco" last="Berruti">Marco Berruti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sormani, Maria Pia" sort="Sormani, Maria Pia" uniqKey="Sormani M" first="Maria Pia" last="Sormani">Maria Pia Sormani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Section of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Section of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto" sort="Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto" uniqKey="Giacobbe D" first="Daniele Roberto" last="Giacobbe">Daniele Roberto Giacobbe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vena, Antonio" sort="Vena, Antonio" uniqKey="Vena A" first="Antonio" last="Vena">Antonio Vena</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Maria, Andrea" sort="De Maria, Andrea" uniqKey="De Maria A" first="Andrea" last="De Maria">Andrea De Maria</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dentone, Chiara" sort="Dentone, Chiara" uniqKey="Dentone C" first="Chiara" last="Dentone">Chiara Dentone</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taramasso, Lucia" sort="Taramasso, Lucia" uniqKey="Taramasso L" first="Lucia" last="Taramasso">Lucia Taramasso</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mirabella, Michele" sort="Mirabella, Michele" uniqKey="Mirabella M" first="Michele" last="Mirabella">Michele Mirabella</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magnasco, Laura" sort="Magnasco, Laura" uniqKey="Magnasco L" first="Laura" last="Magnasco">Laura Magnasco</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mora, Sara" sort="Mora, Sara" uniqKey="Mora S" first="Sara" last="Mora">Sara Mora</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delfino, Emanuele" sort="Delfino, Emanuele" uniqKey="Delfino E" first="Emanuele" last="Delfino">Emanuele Delfino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toscanini, Federica" sort="Toscanini, Federica" uniqKey="Toscanini F" first="Federica" last="Toscanini">Federica Toscanini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balletto, Elisa" sort="Balletto, Elisa" uniqKey="Balletto E" first="Elisa" last="Balletto">Elisa Balletto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alessandrini, Anna Ida" sort="Alessandrini, Anna Ida" uniqKey="Alessandrini A" first="Anna Ida" last="Alessandrini">Anna Ida Alessandrini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baldi, Federico" sort="Baldi, Federico" uniqKey="Baldi F" first="Federico" last="Baldi">Federico Baldi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Briano, Federica" sort="Briano, Federica" uniqKey="Briano F" first="Federica" last="Briano">Federica Briano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camera, Marco" sort="Camera, Marco" uniqKey="Camera M" first="Marco" last="Camera">Marco Camera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dodi, Ferdinando" sort="Dodi, Ferdinando" uniqKey="Dodi F" first="Ferdinando" last="Dodi">Ferdinando Dodi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrazin, Antonio" sort="Ferrazin, Antonio" uniqKey="Ferrazin A" first="Antonio" last="Ferrazin">Antonio Ferrazin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Labate, Laura" sort="Labate, Laura" uniqKey="Labate L" first="Laura" last="Labate">Laura Labate</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mazzarello, Giovanni" sort="Mazzarello, Giovanni" uniqKey="Mazzarello G" first="Giovanni" last="Mazzarello">Giovanni Mazzarello</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pincino, Rachele" sort="Pincino, Rachele" uniqKey="Pincino R" first="Rachele" last="Pincino">Rachele Pincino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Portunato, Federica" sort="Portunato, Federica" uniqKey="Portunato F" first="Federica" last="Portunato">Federica Portunato</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Napoli</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tutino, Stefania" sort="Tutino, Stefania" uniqKey="Tutino S" first="Stefania" last="Tutino">Stefania Tutino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barisione, Emanuela" sort="Barisione, Emanuela" uniqKey="Barisione E" first="Emanuela" last="Barisione">Emanuela Barisione</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruzzone, Bianca" sort="Bruzzone, Bianca" uniqKey="Bruzzone B" first="Bianca" last="Bruzzone">Bianca Bruzzone</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orsi, Andrea" sort="Orsi, Andrea" uniqKey="Orsi A" first="Andrea" last="Orsi">Andrea Orsi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schenone, Eva" sort="Schenone, Eva" uniqKey="Schenone E" first="Eva" last="Schenone">Eva Schenone</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosseti, Nirmala" sort="Rosseti, Nirmala" uniqKey="Rosseti N" first="Nirmala" last="Rosseti">Nirmala Rosseti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sasso, Elisabetta" sort="Sasso, Elisabetta" uniqKey="Sasso E" first="Elisabetta" last="Sasso">Elisabetta Sasso</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pharmacy Complex Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Pharmacy Complex Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Da Rin, Giorgio" sort="Da Rin, Giorgio" uniqKey="Da Rin G" first="Giorgio" last="Da Rin">Giorgio Da Rin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pelosi, Paolo" sort="Pelosi, Paolo" uniqKey="Pelosi P" first="Paolo" last="Pelosi">Paolo Pelosi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genova, Genova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beltramini, Sabrina" sort="Beltramini, Sabrina" uniqKey="Beltramini S" first="Sabrina" last="Beltramini">Sabrina Beltramini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pharmacy Complex Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Pharmacy Complex Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giacomini, Mauro" sort="Giacomini, Mauro" uniqKey="Giacomini M" first="Mauro" last="Giacomini">Mauro Giacomini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Icardi, Giancarlo" sort="Icardi, Giancarlo" uniqKey="Icardi G" first="Giancarlo" last="Icardi">Giancarlo Icardi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gratarola, Angelo" sort="Gratarola, Angelo" uniqKey="Gratarola A" first="Angelo" last="Gratarola">Angelo Gratarola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Emergency and Urgency, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Emergency and Urgency, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bassetti, Matteo" sort="Bassetti, Matteo" uniqKey="Bassetti M" first="Matteo" last="Bassetti">Matteo Bassetti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32817707</idno><idno type="pmid">32817707</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0237831</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7440633</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000555</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000555</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000555</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000555</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000555</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Tocilizumab and steroid treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.</title><author><name sortKey="Mikulska, Malgorzata" sort="Mikulska, Malgorzata" uniqKey="Mikulska M" first="Malgorzata" last="Mikulska">Malgorzata Mikulska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nicolini, Laura Ambra" sort="Nicolini, Laura Ambra" uniqKey="Nicolini L" first="Laura Ambra" last="Nicolini">Laura Ambra Nicolini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Signori, Alessio" sort="Signori, Alessio" uniqKey="Signori A" first="Alessio" last="Signori">Alessio Signori</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Section of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Section of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Biagio, Antonio" sort="Di Biagio, Antonio" uniqKey="Di Biagio A" first="Antonio" last="Di Biagio">Antonio Di Biagio</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sepulcri, Chiara" sort="Sepulcri, Chiara" uniqKey="Sepulcri C" first="Chiara" last="Sepulcri">Chiara Sepulcri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Russo, Chiara" sort="Russo, Chiara" uniqKey="Russo C" first="Chiara" last="Russo">Chiara Russo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dettori, Silvia" sort="Dettori, Silvia" uniqKey="Dettori S" first="Silvia" last="Dettori">Silvia Dettori</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berruti, Marco" sort="Berruti, Marco" uniqKey="Berruti M" first="Marco" last="Berruti">Marco Berruti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sormani, Maria Pia" sort="Sormani, Maria Pia" uniqKey="Sormani M" first="Maria Pia" last="Sormani">Maria Pia Sormani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Section of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Section of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto" sort="Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto" uniqKey="Giacobbe D" first="Daniele Roberto" last="Giacobbe">Daniele Roberto Giacobbe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vena, Antonio" sort="Vena, Antonio" uniqKey="Vena A" first="Antonio" last="Vena">Antonio Vena</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Maria, Andrea" sort="De Maria, Andrea" uniqKey="De Maria A" first="Andrea" last="De Maria">Andrea De Maria</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dentone, Chiara" sort="Dentone, Chiara" uniqKey="Dentone C" first="Chiara" last="Dentone">Chiara Dentone</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taramasso, Lucia" sort="Taramasso, Lucia" uniqKey="Taramasso L" first="Lucia" last="Taramasso">Lucia Taramasso</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mirabella, Michele" sort="Mirabella, Michele" uniqKey="Mirabella M" first="Michele" last="Mirabella">Michele Mirabella</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Magnasco, Laura" sort="Magnasco, Laura" uniqKey="Magnasco L" first="Laura" last="Magnasco">Laura Magnasco</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mora, Sara" sort="Mora, Sara" uniqKey="Mora S" first="Sara" last="Mora">Sara Mora</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delfino, Emanuele" sort="Delfino, Emanuele" uniqKey="Delfino E" first="Emanuele" last="Delfino">Emanuele Delfino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Toscanini, Federica" sort="Toscanini, Federica" uniqKey="Toscanini F" first="Federica" last="Toscanini">Federica Toscanini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balletto, Elisa" sort="Balletto, Elisa" uniqKey="Balletto E" first="Elisa" last="Balletto">Elisa Balletto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alessandrini, Anna Ida" sort="Alessandrini, Anna Ida" uniqKey="Alessandrini A" first="Anna Ida" last="Alessandrini">Anna Ida Alessandrini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baldi, Federico" sort="Baldi, Federico" uniqKey="Baldi F" first="Federico" last="Baldi">Federico Baldi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Briano, Federica" sort="Briano, Federica" uniqKey="Briano F" first="Federica" last="Briano">Federica Briano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camera, Marco" sort="Camera, Marco" uniqKey="Camera M" first="Marco" last="Camera">Marco Camera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dodi, Ferdinando" sort="Dodi, Ferdinando" uniqKey="Dodi F" first="Ferdinando" last="Dodi">Ferdinando Dodi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrazin, Antonio" sort="Ferrazin, Antonio" uniqKey="Ferrazin A" first="Antonio" last="Ferrazin">Antonio Ferrazin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Labate, Laura" sort="Labate, Laura" uniqKey="Labate L" first="Laura" last="Labate">Laura Labate</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mazzarello, Giovanni" sort="Mazzarello, Giovanni" uniqKey="Mazzarello G" first="Giovanni" last="Mazzarello">Giovanni Mazzarello</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pincino, Rachele" sort="Pincino, Rachele" uniqKey="Pincino R" first="Rachele" last="Pincino">Rachele Pincino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Portunato, Federica" sort="Portunato, Federica" uniqKey="Portunato F" first="Federica" last="Portunato">Federica Portunato</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Napoli</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tutino, Stefania" sort="Tutino, Stefania" uniqKey="Tutino S" first="Stefania" last="Tutino">Stefania Tutino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barisione, Emanuela" sort="Barisione, Emanuela" uniqKey="Barisione E" first="Emanuela" last="Barisione">Emanuela Barisione</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bruzzone, Bianca" sort="Bruzzone, Bianca" uniqKey="Bruzzone B" first="Bianca" last="Bruzzone">Bianca Bruzzone</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orsi, Andrea" sort="Orsi, Andrea" uniqKey="Orsi A" first="Andrea" last="Orsi">Andrea Orsi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schenone, Eva" sort="Schenone, Eva" uniqKey="Schenone E" first="Eva" last="Schenone">Eva Schenone</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosseti, Nirmala" sort="Rosseti, Nirmala" uniqKey="Rosseti N" first="Nirmala" last="Rosseti">Nirmala Rosseti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sasso, Elisabetta" sort="Sasso, Elisabetta" uniqKey="Sasso E" first="Elisabetta" last="Sasso">Elisabetta Sasso</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pharmacy Complex Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Pharmacy Complex Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Da Rin, Giorgio" sort="Da Rin, Giorgio" uniqKey="Da Rin G" first="Giorgio" last="Da Rin">Giorgio Da Rin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pelosi, Paolo" sort="Pelosi, Paolo" uniqKey="Pelosi P" first="Paolo" last="Pelosi">Paolo Pelosi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genova, Genova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beltramini, Sabrina" sort="Beltramini, Sabrina" uniqKey="Beltramini S" first="Sabrina" last="Beltramini">Sabrina Beltramini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pharmacy Complex Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Pharmacy Complex Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giacomini, Mauro" sort="Giacomini, Mauro" uniqKey="Giacomini M" first="Mauro" last="Giacomini">Mauro Giacomini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Icardi, Giancarlo" sort="Icardi, Giancarlo" uniqKey="Icardi G" first="Giancarlo" last="Icardi">Giancarlo Icardi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genova</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gratarola, Angelo" sort="Gratarola, Angelo" uniqKey="Gratarola A" first="Angelo" last="Gratarola">Angelo Gratarola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Emergency and Urgency, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Emergency and Urgency, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bassetti, Matteo" sort="Bassetti, Matteo" uniqKey="Bassetti M" first="Matteo" last="Bassetti">Matteo Bassetti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Genoa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PloS one</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Aged, 80 and over (MeSH)</term><term>Anti-Inflammatory Agents (administration & dosage)</term><term>Anti-Inflammatory Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized (administration & dosage)</term><term>Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized (therapeutic use)</term><term>Antimalarials (administration & dosage)</term><term>Antimalarials (therapeutic use)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (drug therapy)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (virology)</term><term>Darunavir (therapeutic use)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Follow-Up Studies (MeSH)</term><term>HIV Protease Inhibitors (therapeutic use)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (administration & dosage)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (therapeutic use)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Methylprednisolone (administration & dosage)</term><term>Methylprednisolone (therapeutic use)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (drug therapy)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (virology)</term><term>Ritonavir (therapeutic use)</term><term>Treatment Outcome (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term><term>Anti-inflammatoires (administration et posologie)</term><term>Anti-inflammatoires (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Anticorps monoclonaux humanisés (administration et posologie)</term><term>Anticorps monoclonaux humanisés (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Antipaludiques (administration et posologie)</term><term>Antipaludiques (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Betacoronavirus (MeSH)</term><term>Darunavir (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (administration et posologie)</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (virologie)</term><term>Inhibiteurs de protéase du VIH (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Mâle (MeSH)</term><term>Méthylprednisolone (administration et posologie)</term><term>Méthylprednisolone (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (virologie)</term><term>Ritonavir (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Résultat thérapeutique (MeSH)</term><term>Sujet âgé (MeSH)</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus (MeSH)</term><term>Études de suivi (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-Inflammatory Agents</term><term>Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized</term><term>Antimalarials</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term><term>Methylprednisolone</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-Inflammatory Agents</term><term>Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized</term><term>Antimalarials</term><term>Darunavir</term><term>HIV Protease Inhibitors</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term><term>Methylprednisolone</term><term>Ritonavir</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="administration et posologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anti-inflammatoires</term><term>Anticorps monoclonaux humanisés</term><term>Antipaludiques</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term><term>Méthylprednisolone</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Anti-inflammatoires</term><term>Anticorps monoclonaux humanisés</term><term>Antipaludiques</term><term>Darunavir</term><term>Hydroxychloroquine</term><term>Inhibiteurs de protéase du VIH</term><term>Méthylprednisolone</term><term>Ritonavir</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Female</term><term>Follow-Up Studies</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Treatment Outcome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Betacoronavirus</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Résultat thérapeutique</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term><term>Études de suivi</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>INTRODUCTION</b></p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to respiratory failure due to severe immune response. Treatment targeting this immune response might be beneficial but there is limited evidence on its efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine if early treatment of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with tocilizumab and/or steroids was associated with better outcome.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>This observational single-center study included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were not intubated and received either standard of care (SOC, controls) or SOC plus early (within 3 days from hospital admission) anti-inflammatory treatment. SOC consisted of hydroxychloroquine 400mg bid plus, in those admitted before March 24th, also darunavir/ritonavir. Anti-inflammatory treatment consisted of either tocilizumab (8mg/kg intravenously or 162mg subcutaneously) or methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg for 5 days or both. Failure was defined as intubation or death, and the endpoints were failure-free survival (primary endpoint) and overall survival (secondary) at day 30. Difference between the groups was estimated as Hazard Ratio by a propensity score weighted Cox regression analysis (HROW).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Overall, 196 adults were included in the analyses. They were mainly male (67.4%), with comorbidities (78.1%) and severe COVID-19 pneumonia (83.7%). Median age was 67.9 years (range, 30-100) and median PaO2/FiO2 200 mmHg (IQR 133-289). Among them, 130 received early anti-inflammatory treatment with: tocilizumab (n = 29, 22.3%), methylprednisolone (n = 45, 34.6%), or both (n = 56, 43.1%). The adjusted failure-free survival among tocilizumab/methylprednisolone/SOC treated patients vs. SOC was 80.8% (95%CI, 72.8-86.7) vs. 64.1% (95%CI, 51.3-74.0), HROW 0.48, 95%CI, 0.23-0.99; p = 0.049. The overall survival among tocilizumab/methylprednisolone/SOC patients vs. SOC was 85.9% (95%CI, 80.7-92.6) vs. 71.9% (95%CI, 46-73), HROW 0.41, 95%CI: 0.19-0.89, p = 0.025.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>Early adjunctive treatment with tocilizumab, methylprednisolone or both may improve outcomes in non-intubated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32817707</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>01</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>01</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1932-6203</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>15</Volume><Issue>8</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PloS one</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS One</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Tocilizumab and steroid treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e0237831</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pone.0237831</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to respiratory failure due to severe immune response. Treatment targeting this immune response might be beneficial but there is limited evidence on its efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine if early treatment of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with tocilizumab and/or steroids was associated with better outcome.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">This observational single-center study included patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were not intubated and received either standard of care (SOC, controls) or SOC plus early (within 3 days from hospital admission) anti-inflammatory treatment. SOC consisted of hydroxychloroquine 400mg bid plus, in those admitted before March 24th, also darunavir/ritonavir. Anti-inflammatory treatment consisted of either tocilizumab (8mg/kg intravenously or 162mg subcutaneously) or methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg for 5 days or both. Failure was defined as intubation or death, and the endpoints were failure-free survival (primary endpoint) and overall survival (secondary) at day 30. Difference between the groups was estimated as Hazard Ratio by a propensity score weighted Cox regression analysis (HROW).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">Overall, 196 adults were included in the analyses. They were mainly male (67.4%), with comorbidities (78.1%) and severe COVID-19 pneumonia (83.7%). Median age was 67.9 years (range, 30-100) and median PaO2/FiO2 200 mmHg (IQR 133-289). Among them, 130 received early anti-inflammatory treatment with: tocilizumab (n = 29, 22.3%), methylprednisolone (n = 45, 34.6%), or both (n = 56, 43.1%). The adjusted failure-free survival among tocilizumab/methylprednisolone/SOC treated patients vs. SOC was 80.8% (95%CI, 72.8-86.7) vs. 64.1% (95%CI, 51.3-74.0), HROW 0.48, 95%CI, 0.23-0.99; p = 0.049. The overall survival among tocilizumab/methylprednisolone/SOC patients vs. SOC was 85.9% (95%CI, 80.7-92.6) vs. 71.9% (95%CI, 46-73), HROW 0.41, 95%CI: 0.19-0.89, p = 0.025.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION">Early adjunctive treatment with tocilizumab, methylprednisolone or both may improve outcomes in non-intubated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mikulska</LastName><ForeName>Malgorzata</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-5535-4602</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nicolini</LastName><ForeName>Laura Ambra</ForeName><Initials>LA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Signori</LastName><ForeName>Alessio</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Section of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Di Biagio</LastName><ForeName>Antonio</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-1436-5089</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sepulcri</LastName><ForeName>Chiara</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Russo</LastName><ForeName>Chiara</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dettori</LastName><ForeName>Silvia</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Berruti</LastName><ForeName>Marco</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sormani</LastName><ForeName>Maria Pia</ForeName><Initials>MP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Section of Biostatistics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Giacobbe</LastName><ForeName>Daniele Roberto</ForeName><Initials>DR</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-2385-1759</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vena</LastName><ForeName>Antonio</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>De Maria</LastName><ForeName>Andrea</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dentone</LastName><ForeName>Chiara</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Taramasso</LastName><ForeName>Lucia</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-6622-6358</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mirabella</LastName><ForeName>Michele</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Magnasco</LastName><ForeName>Laura</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mora</LastName><ForeName>Sara</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Delfino</LastName><ForeName>Emanuele</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Toscanini</LastName><ForeName>Federica</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Balletto</LastName><ForeName>Elisa</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alessandrini</LastName><ForeName>Anna Ida</ForeName><Initials>AI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Baldi</LastName><ForeName>Federico</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Briano</LastName><ForeName>Federica</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Camera</LastName><ForeName>Marco</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dodi</LastName><ForeName>Ferdinando</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ferrazin</LastName><ForeName>Antonio</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Labate</LastName><ForeName>Laura</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mazzarello</LastName><ForeName>Giovanni</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pincino</LastName><ForeName>Rachele</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Portunato</LastName><ForeName>Federica</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tutino</LastName><ForeName>Stefania</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barisione</LastName><ForeName>Emanuela</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bruzzone</LastName><ForeName>Bianca</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Orsi</LastName><ForeName>Andrea</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schenone</LastName><ForeName>Eva</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rosseti</LastName><ForeName>Nirmala</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sasso</LastName><ForeName>Elisabetta</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pharmacy Complex Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Da Rin</LastName><ForeName>Giorgio</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medicine Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pelosi</LastName><ForeName>Paolo</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Beltramini</LastName><ForeName>Sabrina</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pharmacy Complex Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Giacomini</LastName><ForeName>Mauro</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-5646-2034</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Icardi</LastName><ForeName>Giancarlo</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hygiene Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gratarola</LastName><ForeName>Angelo</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Emergency and Urgency, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bassetti</LastName><ForeName>Matteo</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D064888">Observational Study</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>20</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PLoS One</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101285081</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1932-6203</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000893">Anti-Inflammatory Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D061067">Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000962">Antimalarials</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D017320">HIV Protease Inhibitors</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>4QWG6N8QKH</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006886">Hydroxychloroquine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>I031V2H011</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C502936">tocilizumab</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>O3J8G9O825</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D019438">Ritonavir</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>X4W7ZR7023</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D008775">Methylprednisolone</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>YO603Y8113</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000069454">Darunavir</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Disease" UI="C000657245">COVID-19</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Protocol" UI="C000705127">COVID-19 drug treatment</SupplMeshName><SupplMeshName Type="Organism" UI="C000656484">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000369" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged, 80 and over</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000893" MajorTopicYN="N">Anti-Inflammatory Agents</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="N">administration & dosage</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D061067" MajorTopicYN="N">Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="N">administration & dosage</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000962" MajorTopicYN="N">Antimalarials</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="N">administration & dosage</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000073640" MajorTopicYN="N">Betacoronavirus</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000069454" MajorTopicYN="N">Darunavir</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005500" MajorTopicYN="N">Follow-Up Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017320" MajorTopicYN="N">HIV Protease Inhibitors</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006886" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydroxychloroquine</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="N">administration & dosage</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008775" MajorTopicYN="N">Methylprednisolone</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="N">administration & dosage</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019438" MajorTopicYN="N">Ritonavir</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016896" MajorTopicYN="N">Treatment Outcome</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><CoiStatement>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>24</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>02</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>21</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>21</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>2</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32817707</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0237831</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">PONE-D-20-19437</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7440633</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>N Engl J Med. 2020 May 7;382(19):1787-1799</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32187464</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Autoimmun Rev. 2020 Jul;19(7):102568</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32376398</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 May;55(5):105954</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32234467</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 30;382(18):1708-1720</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32109013</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1054-1062</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32171076</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Med Virol. 2020 Jul;92(7):814-818</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32253759</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>JAMA. 2020 Apr 6;:</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32250385</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Intensive Care Med. 2020 May;46(5):846-848</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32125452</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2018 Mar;34(3):239-240</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29466022</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 May 19;117(20):10970-10975</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32350134</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):473-475</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32043983</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Jul;26(7):880-894</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32360444</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Heart Lung Transplant. 2020 May;39(5):405-407</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32362390</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>JAMA. 2020 Apr 13;:</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32282022</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Lancet Respir Med. 2020 May;8(5):475-481</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32105632</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Clin Immunol. 2020 May;214:108393</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32222466</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Mar 13;:</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32167524</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>JAMA. 2020 May 5;:</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32369102</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Clin Infect Dis. 2020 May 19;:</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32427279</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>JAMA. 2020 Feb 24;:</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32091533</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Eur J Intern Med. 2020 Jun;76:31-35</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32405160</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>JAMA. 2020 Feb 7;:</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32031570</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>JAMA. 2020 Apr 22;:</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32320003</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Italie</li></country></list><tree><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mikulska, Malgorzata" sort="Mikulska, Malgorzata" uniqKey="Mikulska M" first="Malgorzata" last="Mikulska">Malgorzata Mikulska</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Alessandrini, Anna Ida" sort="Alessandrini, Anna Ida" uniqKey="Alessandrini A" first="Anna Ida" last="Alessandrini">Anna Ida Alessandrini</name><name sortKey="Baldi, Federico" sort="Baldi, Federico" uniqKey="Baldi F" first="Federico" last="Baldi">Federico Baldi</name><name sortKey="Balletto, Elisa" sort="Balletto, Elisa" uniqKey="Balletto E" first="Elisa" last="Balletto">Elisa Balletto</name><name sortKey="Balletto, Elisa" sort="Balletto, Elisa" uniqKey="Balletto E" first="Elisa" last="Balletto">Elisa Balletto</name><name sortKey="Barisione, Emanuela" sort="Barisione, Emanuela" uniqKey="Barisione E" first="Emanuela" last="Barisione">Emanuela Barisione</name><name sortKey="Bassetti, Matteo" sort="Bassetti, Matteo" uniqKey="Bassetti M" first="Matteo" last="Bassetti">Matteo Bassetti</name><name sortKey="Bassetti, Matteo" sort="Bassetti, Matteo" uniqKey="Bassetti M" first="Matteo" last="Bassetti">Matteo Bassetti</name><name sortKey="Beltramini, Sabrina" sort="Beltramini, Sabrina" uniqKey="Beltramini S" first="Sabrina" last="Beltramini">Sabrina Beltramini</name><name sortKey="Berruti, Marco" sort="Berruti, Marco" uniqKey="Berruti M" first="Marco" last="Berruti">Marco Berruti</name><name sortKey="Briano, Federica" sort="Briano, Federica" uniqKey="Briano F" first="Federica" last="Briano">Federica Briano</name><name sortKey="Bruzzone, Bianca" sort="Bruzzone, Bianca" uniqKey="Bruzzone B" first="Bianca" last="Bruzzone">Bianca Bruzzone</name><name sortKey="Camera, Marco" sort="Camera, Marco" uniqKey="Camera M" first="Marco" last="Camera">Marco Camera</name><name sortKey="Da Rin, Giorgio" sort="Da Rin, Giorgio" uniqKey="Da Rin G" first="Giorgio" last="Da Rin">Giorgio Da Rin</name><name sortKey="De Maria, Andrea" sort="De Maria, Andrea" uniqKey="De Maria A" first="Andrea" last="De Maria">Andrea De Maria</name><name sortKey="De Maria, Andrea" sort="De Maria, Andrea" uniqKey="De Maria A" first="Andrea" last="De Maria">Andrea De Maria</name><name sortKey="Delfino, Emanuele" sort="Delfino, Emanuele" uniqKey="Delfino E" first="Emanuele" last="Delfino">Emanuele Delfino</name><name sortKey="Dentone, Chiara" sort="Dentone, Chiara" uniqKey="Dentone C" first="Chiara" last="Dentone">Chiara Dentone</name><name sortKey="Dettori, Silvia" sort="Dettori, Silvia" uniqKey="Dettori S" first="Silvia" last="Dettori">Silvia Dettori</name><name sortKey="Di Biagio, Antonio" sort="Di Biagio, Antonio" uniqKey="Di Biagio A" first="Antonio" last="Di Biagio">Antonio Di Biagio</name><name sortKey="Di Biagio, Antonio" sort="Di Biagio, Antonio" uniqKey="Di Biagio A" first="Antonio" last="Di Biagio">Antonio Di Biagio</name><name sortKey="Dodi, Ferdinando" sort="Dodi, Ferdinando" uniqKey="Dodi F" first="Ferdinando" last="Dodi">Ferdinando Dodi</name><name sortKey="Ferrazin, Antonio" sort="Ferrazin, Antonio" uniqKey="Ferrazin A" first="Antonio" last="Ferrazin">Antonio Ferrazin</name><name sortKey="Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto" sort="Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto" uniqKey="Giacobbe D" first="Daniele Roberto" last="Giacobbe">Daniele Roberto Giacobbe</name><name sortKey="Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto" sort="Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto" uniqKey="Giacobbe D" first="Daniele Roberto" last="Giacobbe">Daniele Roberto Giacobbe</name><name sortKey="Giacomini, Mauro" sort="Giacomini, Mauro" uniqKey="Giacomini M" first="Mauro" last="Giacomini">Mauro Giacomini</name><name sortKey="Gratarola, Angelo" sort="Gratarola, Angelo" uniqKey="Gratarola A" first="Angelo" last="Gratarola">Angelo Gratarola</name><name sortKey="Icardi, Giancarlo" sort="Icardi, Giancarlo" uniqKey="Icardi G" first="Giancarlo" last="Icardi">Giancarlo Icardi</name><name sortKey="Icardi, Giancarlo" sort="Icardi, Giancarlo" uniqKey="Icardi G" first="Giancarlo" last="Icardi">Giancarlo Icardi</name><name sortKey="Labate, Laura" sort="Labate, Laura" uniqKey="Labate L" first="Laura" last="Labate">Laura Labate</name><name sortKey="Magnasco, Laura" sort="Magnasco, Laura" uniqKey="Magnasco L" first="Laura" last="Magnasco">Laura Magnasco</name><name sortKey="Magnasco, Laura" sort="Magnasco, Laura" uniqKey="Magnasco L" first="Laura" last="Magnasco">Laura Magnasco</name><name sortKey="Mazzarello, Giovanni" sort="Mazzarello, Giovanni" uniqKey="Mazzarello G" first="Giovanni" last="Mazzarello">Giovanni Mazzarello</name><name sortKey="Mikulska, Malgorzata" sort="Mikulska, Malgorzata" uniqKey="Mikulska M" first="Malgorzata" last="Mikulska">Malgorzata Mikulska</name><name sortKey="Mirabella, Michele" sort="Mirabella, Michele" uniqKey="Mirabella M" first="Michele" last="Mirabella">Michele Mirabella</name><name sortKey="Mirabella, Michele" sort="Mirabella, Michele" uniqKey="Mirabella M" first="Michele" last="Mirabella">Michele Mirabella</name><name sortKey="Mora, Sara" sort="Mora, Sara" uniqKey="Mora S" first="Sara" last="Mora">Sara Mora</name><name sortKey="Nicolini, Laura Ambra" sort="Nicolini, Laura Ambra" uniqKey="Nicolini L" first="Laura Ambra" last="Nicolini">Laura Ambra Nicolini</name><name sortKey="Orsi, Andrea" sort="Orsi, Andrea" uniqKey="Orsi A" first="Andrea" last="Orsi">Andrea Orsi</name><name sortKey="Orsi, Andrea" sort="Orsi, Andrea" uniqKey="Orsi A" first="Andrea" last="Orsi">Andrea Orsi</name><name sortKey="Pelosi, Paolo" sort="Pelosi, Paolo" uniqKey="Pelosi P" first="Paolo" last="Pelosi">Paolo Pelosi</name><name sortKey="Pelosi, Paolo" sort="Pelosi, Paolo" uniqKey="Pelosi P" first="Paolo" last="Pelosi">Paolo Pelosi</name><name sortKey="Pincino, Rachele" sort="Pincino, Rachele" uniqKey="Pincino R" first="Rachele" last="Pincino">Rachele Pincino</name><name sortKey="Portunato, Federica" sort="Portunato, Federica" uniqKey="Portunato F" first="Federica" last="Portunato">Federica Portunato</name><name sortKey="Portunato, Federica" sort="Portunato, Federica" uniqKey="Portunato F" first="Federica" last="Portunato">Federica Portunato</name><name sortKey="Rosseti, Nirmala" sort="Rosseti, Nirmala" uniqKey="Rosseti N" first="Nirmala" last="Rosseti">Nirmala Rosseti</name><name sortKey="Russo, Chiara" sort="Russo, Chiara" uniqKey="Russo C" first="Chiara" last="Russo">Chiara Russo</name><name sortKey="Sasso, Elisabetta" sort="Sasso, Elisabetta" uniqKey="Sasso E" first="Elisabetta" last="Sasso">Elisabetta Sasso</name><name sortKey="Schenone, Eva" sort="Schenone, Eva" uniqKey="Schenone E" first="Eva" last="Schenone">Eva Schenone</name><name sortKey="Sepulcri, Chiara" sort="Sepulcri, Chiara" uniqKey="Sepulcri C" first="Chiara" last="Sepulcri">Chiara Sepulcri</name><name sortKey="Signori, Alessio" sort="Signori, Alessio" uniqKey="Signori A" first="Alessio" last="Signori">Alessio Signori</name><name sortKey="Sormani, Maria Pia" sort="Sormani, Maria Pia" uniqKey="Sormani M" first="Maria Pia" last="Sormani">Maria Pia Sormani</name><name sortKey="Taramasso, Lucia" sort="Taramasso, Lucia" uniqKey="Taramasso L" first="Lucia" last="Taramasso">Lucia Taramasso</name><name sortKey="Toscanini, Federica" sort="Toscanini, Federica" uniqKey="Toscanini F" first="Federica" last="Toscanini">Federica Toscanini</name><name sortKey="Tutino, Stefania" sort="Tutino, Stefania" uniqKey="Tutino S" first="Stefania" last="Tutino">Stefania Tutino</name><name sortKey="Vena, Antonio" sort="Vena, Antonio" uniqKey="Vena A" first="Antonio" last="Vena">Antonio Vena</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/CovidSeniorV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000116 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000116 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= CovidSeniorV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:32817707
|texte= Tocilizumab and steroid treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:32817707" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a CovidSeniorV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.37. |  |